Definition: Version control strategy where developers integrate small, frequent changes directly into the main branch, minimizing long-lived feature branches.
— Source: NERVICO, Product Development Consultancy
What Is Trunk-Based Development
Trunk-based development is a source code management strategy where all developers integrate their changes into a single main branch (trunk or main) with high frequency, typically multiple times per day. Instead of maintaining long-lived feature branches that diverge for days or weeks, changes are made in small increments that are continuously integrated.
How It Works
Developers work on short-lived branches (hours, not days) or directly on the main branch. Each commit passes through a CI pipeline that runs automated tests before integration. Incomplete features are hidden behind feature flags so code can be integrated without exposing unfinished functionality to users. For large teams, short-lived branches (one day maximum) are allowed and merged via pull requests with rapid review. The key is that the main branch is always in a deployable state.
Key Use Cases
- High-performing teams practicing continuous delivery with multiple daily production deployments
- Eliminating complex merge conflicts caused by feature branches that diverge for weeks
- Accelerating feedback cycles by integrating changes frequently and detecting problems early
- Organizations adopting DORA Metrics seeking to optimize deployment frequency and lead time
Advantages and Considerations
Trunk-based development drastically reduces integration conflicts and the risk of large merges. By keeping the main branch always in a deployable state, it enables true continuous delivery. Teams that practice it consistently show better DORA metrics. The main consideration is that it requires discipline, good automated test coverage, and effective use of feature flags. Without these prerequisites, integrating directly into trunk can introduce instability.